BREAST-FEEDING AND WORKING MOTHERS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The indigenous person of Nigeria has some certain ideas which formed the basis of their system of values. This system of values is manifested or expressed in all aspect of the life including the breast feeding of infants. Breast-feeding has been the recognized natural process of providing the most adequate nutrition for the baby. With the advent of Western civilization certain aspect of our indigenous culture were bastardized. With the introduction of feeding bottles, which was to assist the working mothers, practices now embraced by all mothers was seen as modernization in feeding babies. In view of this background, we want to look carefully into the concept of Breast-feeding of the infant child. Among the working class in the College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin.
Breast-feeding is the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from female breast that is through location rather than from a feeding bottle or other containers. Babies have a sucking reflex that enables them to suck and swallow milk. It is recommended that mother’s breast feed for six months or more without the addition of infant formula, solid food or water. Mothers are advised to continue breast-feeding for at least a year. Human breast milk is the healthiest form of milk for babies. Here are few exceptions, such as when the mother is taking certain drugs or infected with human lymph tropic virus, human immune deficiency virus (HIV), if not taking ARVS or has active untreated tuberculosis. Breast-feeding promotes health and helps to prevent diseases, artificial feeding is associated with more deaths from diarrhea in infants in both developing and developed countries.
Experts agree that breastfeeding is beneficial and have concerns about artificial formulas but there are conflicting views about how long exclusive breast feeding remains beneficial. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Academic of Pediatrics (AAP) emphasize the value of breast feedings for mothers as well as children. Both recommend exclusive breast feeding for the first six months of life. The American Academic of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that this be followed by supplemented breast feeding for at least one year. While WHO (2001) Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. The optimal deviation of exclusive breast feeding, recommends that supplemented breast feeding continues up to two years or more. While recognizing the superiority of breast feeding regulating authorities also work to minimize the risks of artificial feeding.
In Edo State, it was suggested that baby care centers be established close to the working mother’s places of work to enable them to breast feed their babies from time to time.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Breast-feeding has been the natural and best way of feeding infant time immemorial. This important and natural mode of infant nutrition has been subjected to ridicule the state affair, may well be as a result of mis- formation and ignorance and bottle feeding has replaced breast feeding. This trend is most outstanding among literate or working mothers
This statement of the problem of this story is to research on breast feeding habit of working mothers in College of Education Ekiadolor at Ovia North East Local Government Area. This research is also to found out solution to the following research questions.
1. Are there working mothers in Colben?
2. How often do their babies feed?
3. Whether breast-feeding adopted by mothers in this Local Government Area is encouraged?
4. What could be responsible for the present practice in the Local Government Area as regards to breast feeding?
5. What effect does the present practice has on both the mothers and children in the Local Government Area?
6. What is the control measures adopted for the present practice in the Local Government Area?
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The researcher’s work is centred on working mothers in colben and their breast feeding habit. The main aim of carrying out this study therefore is to:
1. Critically examine the concept of breast feeding
2. Find the positive and negative effects of breast feeding to working mothers and their infants.
3. Identify the problems of breast feeding among working mothers in Colben.
4. Proffer or recommend possible solutions to the problems.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
In view of the present problem of working mothers and breast feeding and the dangers of inadequate breast feeding and the adverse effect on mothers and infants, the research study will help the individual mothers, physical education administration, health workers and the entire local government area, especially for those mothers who because of ignorance or selfish interest do not want improvement on adequate breast feeding of the infants. The findings and recommendations of this research are also expected to help the state and the local government area in drawing plans to improve on the breast feeding practices and working mothers.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In this study, certain research questions are needed as they are related to the problem. The research questions are stated as follows:
1. Are there working mothers in Colben?
2. Are they aware of the benefits of breast feeding to themselves and their infants?
3. Are there effects of breast feeding on nursing mothers and the babies?
4. Does the working mother make use of bottle feeding more than breast milk?
5. Is there any baby care centre in Colben?
6. Are there poor/bad attitude of mother towards breast feeding?
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The problems of breast sfeeding are indeed a universal one. As a matter of fact, I intended to deal extensively with this study for this sis very important in the development of infant, and to the society. However the study is limited to working mothers in colben such as the female lecturers, health workers, female non-academic staff etc.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Breast-feeding: This is the process of a woman feeding her baby with the milk from her breast.
Lactation: Lactation is the production of milk from the breast after giving birth.
Nutrition: This is the process of supplying and receiving nourishment.
HIV: Is a virus which reduces people resistance to illness and can cause Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is an abbreviation for human Immunodeficiency virus.