CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The study dwells extensively on the audit efficiency as if affect investors’ confidence. Auditing has become the object of attention in most organizations. The key in the field of auditing and assurance is to recognize that auditing can be of great value if it looks beyond the traditional financial issues and focuses on issues that matter to a wider range of stakeholders and the public.
Errors, irregularities, mismanagement and fraud are common occurrences in most organization and require care and skills to actually detect. To carry out this duty eectively, organizations required a body within to serve as a check on employee and management activities; this is where auditor comes in (Matcher, 2003). If the financial statements of business organizations are properly audited, error and irregularities can be detected at an early stage and corrective action will be taken thereby saving millions of naira which can he ploughed back unto the business for investments that will yield high returns and increase growth and values of the organization. Since audit function cannot thrive without an adequate system of internal, me role of one seem to complement that of the other, internal audit concept will be critically assessed in relation to audit in this piece of research work, it is in this respect that we will attach some recognition to these concept as they reflect in the complexities and sophistication of modern business either in profit making type of business or non-profit making types. Modern organization tend to have large multinational activities hence preparation of accounts of such group can be cumbersome as it involves bringing together and summarizing of accounts of subsidiaries with diering conventions, legal system and accounting control system. Financial statements are also required to conform in detailed with complex requirement of the General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
1.2 Statement of Problem
Audit can be likened to a life-wire of any organization. Quite a number of organizations have been forced into voluntary liquidation due to mismanagement of the financial and material resources. Timeless is an important qualitative attribute of financial statement which requires the information to be made available to the users as rapidly as possible. The increase in the reporting lag reduces the information content and the relevancy of the document. The delayed in disclosure may encourage certain unscrupulous investors to acquire costly inside information and exploit the private information at the expenses of less informative investors. The proponents of mandatory auditor rotation have general been concerned with eroding auditor independence, and its eect on audit quality as the length of auditor tenure increases. The length of time that audit firms maintain clients has long been an issue of debate and that auditor may be influenced more by the management of a newly acquired client that for a client that has been audited for a longer period. The result are consistent with the position that auditor may be more influenced by their newly obtain client in the earlier year of the engagement and do not support the argument of those who propose that rotation made mandatory is necessarily to improve auditor quality. The audit report is the final output of the auditing process, and is the only external communication of what the auditor has done and concluded during the audit, the decision on what type of audit report to render to the client is the final cumulative audit decision, and is subject to a consideration amount of professional judgement and negotiation with the client.
1.3 Research Questions
The following research questions will aid the researcher in carrying out this research work.
i. How does audit tenure affect investor’s confidence on audit report in Nigeria?
ii. How does audit tenure affect the credibility and reliability of financial report in Nigeria?
iii. How does audit tenure has influence the role of financial reporting of an organization in Nigeria.
1.4 Objective of the Study
The broad objective of this study is to investigate the impact of audit tenureship and investor’s confidence on audit report in Nigeria. The following purposes are also included;
i. To ascertain if audit tenure has positive impact on investor’s confidence on audit report in Nigeria
ii. To ascertain if audit tenure has impact on the credibility and reliability of financial report in Nigeria
iii. To examine if audit tenure has significant influence on the role of financial reporting of an organization in Nigeria.
1.5 Statement of Hypotheses
The following hypotheses will be tested in this work;
Hypothesis One
HO: Audit tenure does not have positive impact on investor’s confidence on audit report in Nigeria.
HI: Audit tenure has positive impact on investor’s confidence on audit report in Nigeria
Hypothesis Two
HO: Audit tenure has no impact on the credibility and reliability of financial report in Nigeria.
HI: Audit tenure has impact on the credibility and reliability of financial report in Nigeria
Hypothesis Three
HO: Audit tenure has no significance influence on the role of financial reporting of an organization in Nigeria. HI: Audit tenure has significant influence on the role of financial reporting of an organization in Nigeria.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The importance of auditing cannot be overemphasized. Every organization is concerned with need to organized its affairs efficiency and safeguard its asset
Investors: External audit is a vital tool that when properly applied would be of immense benefit to the organization. Investors of immense benefits to the organization, investors in today’s market are looking at accountants to provide greater information on a more timely basis.
Auditors: Information technology is dramatically reducing the time it takes to close a company’s book and prepare financial statements. As a result of these trends, auditors are under increasing pressure to reduce the time it takes to complete the year-end audit.
Management: It will serve as a reference in establishing a very functional audit report lag system towards achieving goals. Finally, audit reports increased when consulting service are offered. It would however serve different purpose for different people and organization depending on their needs and view.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study examines how audit tenure and investor’s confidence affect audit report in Nigeria. In view of the diverse and wide nature of this research work, the researcher has focused his research study within geographical area of Edo State, Nigeria. The scope of this study also covers other issues as to examine the association between the duration of the auditor/client relationship. More so, it interests the researcher to critically examine the length of time that audit firms maintain with clients which has long been issue of debate. A time frame of 5 years will be used (2011 to 2015) with both years inclusive. For effective study, a sample size of 90 was used.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
There are many constraints, which often hinder the successful completion of a research work. In carrying out this work however, it is designed only to provide reasonable assurance but not absolute assurance in regards to accounting for and safe guarding of asset, the reliability of financial information and the compliance with law and regulations. In view of’ these, there is lack of adequate data on specific areas of investigation this cause some limitations to the researcher. Unwillingness of staff to release some vital information due to the overriding duty of secrecy militated against the intellectual ability of very low and often at times vague and distorted information, this is because of what staff regard has confidential.
1.9 Definition of Terms
1. Audit: Is the examination of all relevant records and reports of a company in order to check that what is provided is relevant and accurate
2. Auditor: This is the person(s) who examine all relevant document, reports and records of finance prepared by the company’s accountant or department to verify the reliability, adequacy and accuracy of the reports prepared by the department.
3. Investigation: This is the act of caring out finding to ascertain the correctness of a report or statement.
4. Reporting: Is the act of relating or interpreting the finding gathered from the investigation of a given phenomenon or statements.
5. Directors: These are a group of senior managers who run a company.
6. Internal Control: Internal control is the examination, monitoring and analysis of activities related to a company’s operation, including its business structure employee behaviour and information systems
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The study dwells extensively on the audit efficiency as if affect investors’ confidence. Auditing has become the object of attention in most organizations. The key in the field of auditing and assurance is to recognize that auditing can be of great value if it looks beyond the traditional financial issues and focuses on issues that matter to a wider range of stakeholders and the public.
Errors, irregularities, mismanagement and fraud are common occurrences in most organization and require care and skills to actually detect. To carry out this duty eectively, organizations required a body within to serve as a check on employee and management activities; this is where auditor comes in (Matcher, 2003). If the financial statements of business organizations are properly audited, error and irregularities can be detected at an early stage and corrective action will be taken thereby saving millions of naira which can he ploughed back unto the business for investments that will yield high returns and increase growth and values of the organization. Since audit function cannot thrive without an adequate system of internal, me role of one seem to complement that of the other, internal audit concept will be critically assessed in relation to audit in this piece of research work, it is in this respect that we will attach some recognition to these concept as they reflect in the complexities and sophistication of modern business either in profit making type of business or non-profit making types. Modern organization tend to have large multinational activities hence preparation of accounts of such group can be cumbersome as it involves bringing together and summarizing of accounts of subsidiaries with diering conventions, legal system and accounting control system. Financial statements are also required to conform in detailed with complex requirement of the General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
1.2 Statement of Problem
Audit can be likened to a life-wire of any organization. Quite a number of organizations have been forced into voluntary liquidation due to mismanagement of the financial and material resources. Timeless is an important qualitative attribute of financial statement which requires the information to be made available to the users as rapidly as possible. The increase in the reporting lag reduces the information content and the relevancy of the document. The delayed in disclosure may encourage certain unscrupulous investors to acquire costly inside information and exploit the private information at the expenses of less informative investors. The proponents of mandatory auditor rotation have general been concerned with eroding auditor independence, and its eect on audit quality as the length of auditor tenure increases. The length of time that audit firms maintain clients has long been an issue of debate and that auditor may be influenced more by the management of a newly acquired client that for a client that has been audited for a longer period. The result are consistent with the position that auditor may be more influenced by their newly obtain client in the earlier year of the engagement and do not support the argument of those who propose that rotation made mandatory is necessarily to improve auditor quality. The audit report is the final output of the auditing process, and is the only external communication of what the auditor has done and concluded during the audit, the decision on what type of audit report to render to the client is the final cumulative audit decision, and is subject to a consideration amount of professional judgement and negotiation with the client.
1.3 Research Questions
The following research questions will aid the researcher in carrying out this research work.
i. How does audit tenure affect investor’s confidence on audit report in Nigeria?
ii. How does audit tenure affect the credibility and reliability of financial report in Nigeria?
iii. How does audit tenure has influence the role of financial reporting of an organization in Nigeria.
1.4 Objective of the Study
The broad objective of this study is to investigate the impact of audit tenureship and investor’s confidence on audit report in Nigeria. The following purposes are also included;
i. To ascertain if audit tenure has positive impact on investor’s confidence on audit report in Nigeria
ii. To ascertain if audit tenure has impact on the credibility and reliability of financial report in Nigeria
iii. To examine if audit tenure has significant influence on the role of financial reporting of an organization in Nigeria.
1.5 Statement of Hypotheses
The following hypotheses will be tested in this work;
Hypothesis One
HO: Audit tenure does not have positive impact on investor’s confidence on audit report in Nigeria.
HI: Audit tenure has positive impact on investor’s confidence on audit report in Nigeria
Hypothesis Two
HO: Audit tenure has no impact on the credibility and reliability of financial report in Nigeria.
HI: Audit tenure has impact on the credibility and reliability of financial report in Nigeria
Hypothesis Three
HO: Audit tenure has no significance influence on the role of financial reporting of an organization in Nigeria. HI: Audit tenure has significant influence on the role of financial reporting of an organization in Nigeria.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The importance of auditing cannot be overemphasized. Every organization is concerned with need to organized its affairs efficiency and safeguard its asset
Investors: External audit is a vital tool that when properly applied would be of immense benefit to the organization. Investors of immense benefits to the organization, investors in today’s market are looking at accountants to provide greater information on a more timely basis.
Auditors: Information technology is dramatically reducing the time it takes to close a company’s book and prepare financial statements. As a result of these trends, auditors are under increasing pressure to reduce the time it takes to complete the year-end audit.
Management: It will serve as a reference in establishing a very functional audit report lag system towards achieving goals. Finally, audit reports increased when consulting service are offered. It would however serve different purpose for different people and organization depending on their needs and view.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study examines how audit tenure and investor’s confidence affect audit report in Nigeria. In view of the diverse and wide nature of this research work, the researcher has focused his research study within geographical area of Edo State, Nigeria. The scope of this study also covers other issues as to examine the association between the duration of the auditor/client relationship. More so, it interests the researcher to critically examine the length of time that audit firms maintain with clients which has long been issue of debate. A time frame of 5 years will be used (2011 to 2015) with both years inclusive. For effective study, a sample size of 90 was used.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
There are many constraints, which often hinder the successful completion of a research work. In carrying out this work however, it is designed only to provide reasonable assurance but not absolute assurance in regards to accounting for and safe guarding of asset, the reliability of financial information and the compliance with law and regulations. In view of’ these, there is lack of adequate data on specific areas of investigation this cause some limitations to the researcher. Unwillingness of staff to release some vital information due to the overriding duty of secrecy militated against the intellectual ability of very low and often at times vague and distorted information, this is because of what staff regard has confidential.
1.9 Definition of Terms
1. Audit: Is the examination of all relevant records and reports of a company in order to check that what is provided is relevant and accurate
2. Auditor: This is the person(s) who examine all relevant document, reports and records of finance prepared by the company’s accountant or department to verify the reliability, adequacy and accuracy of the reports prepared by the department.
3. Investigation: This is the act of caring out finding to ascertain the correctness of a report or statement.
4. Reporting: Is the act of relating or interpreting the finding gathered from the investigation of a given phenomenon or statements.
5. Directors: These are a group of senior managers who run a company.
6. Internal Control: Internal control is the examination, monitoring and analysis of activities related to a company’s operation, including its business structure employee behaviour and information systems
